Genital herpes

Fact sheet - Health conditions directory

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmissible infection (STI) caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types of HSV: HSV1 and HSV2. HSV1 is usually found around the lips and mouth and is often referred to as cold sores. HSV2 commonly infects the genital and anal areas. Both HSV1 and HSV2 can occur on the lips, mouth, genital or anal areas. It is possible for a person to be infected with both HSV1 and HSV2.

In Australia community prevalence of HSV1 is estimated to be between 70–80% and HSV2 is between 12–15%. Worldwide, women have HSV2 infections almost twice as often as men.

HSV enters the body through skin-to-skin contact with an individual who is shedding HSV1 or HSV2. The virus lives in the nerves beneath the skin and may remain inactive and unnoticed for many years.

It is not completely understood what causes the virus to activate and cause blisters. Isolated factors such as, menstruation (periods), emotional upset and sexual activity have been known to trigger an episode. Sunburn can also trigger a herpes episode (or cold sore) on the face or lips.

HSV can be treated, but not cured. HSV diagnosis can be stigmatising, and some people may require psychological support to accept the diagnosis and impact on sexual partners.

The Australian STI Management Guidelines for use in Primary Care provide control guidelines for genital herpes. HSV is not a notifiable disease. For more resources visit Stop the Rise of STIs .